Course Work on Counterterrorism

Introduction The intelligence received indicates that an international terrorist group known for its hatred of capitalism and western culture is targeting a high profile location in a major United States city. This attack will be a start to a violent campaign against the United States. Though the particular time of attack is unknown, it is anticipated within the next thirty days. Risk assessment and analysis Likely targets The terrorist group is known for its hatred for western culture and capitalism. This gives a probability that the attack will target a city or part of a city in which capitalism or American culture is prominently manifested. Cities which have areas which are symbols of capitalism or liberalism have a hire risk level than ordinary cities. It is therefore important that the following cities are considered (Iyad, 1983). New York New York is considered the financial capital of the world and is the best example of capitalism in operation. Going by the terrorists’ known hatred for capitalism, New York is highly likely to be a target. Existence of what may be considered symbols of capitalism like the Wall Street and major financial organizations in the city further makes it a likely target for the attack. The statute of liberty and the Times Square may also be viewed as symbols of the western culture of liberalism and may therefore also increase the probability of an attack in the city. The large number of people in New York   and in particular the Time Square may also increase the attractiveness of the city as a target to a terrorist group which wants to record a high number of casualties in the attack. Los Angeles The city of Los Angeles is another likely target due to its symbolic prominence as a capitalist center. The existence of major corporations in the city like the Apple Company and many branches of the major global financial institutions may be viewed by the terrorists as promotion of capitalism and thus make it a target of their attacks. The movie making district of Hollywood may also be perceived by the terrorists as a promotion center for the American culture and thus increase the probability of an attack against the city. The large population in the city also increases the likelihood of an attack since it is the intention of the terrorists to inflict the highest human casualties. Washington The city of Washington, being the seat of the United States government is a likely target for the attack. The city is full of symbols which represent the American culture and it will be every terrorist’s prime targets. National monuments like the White House, the Capitol, the Washington and the Lincoln memorials are some of the likely targets in the city. Though highly unlikely, an attempt to attack the Pentagon may also be made. Any successful attack on the city of Washington will be considered a challenge to the United States which is considered the most capitalist nation in the world. It would also be a challenge to its value system and its culture. Las Vegas The gambling capital of the world is another likely target for the terrorists’ attack. There exists no greater symbol of the liberalized American culture than the city of Las Vegas. Legalized gambling and regulated prostitution are some of the reasons why an ultra conservative terrorist group with hatred for American culture may consider the city a target. The high number of tourists will provide the high human casualty for the terrorists. Other cities There exists a possibility that the terrorists may choose another major city other than the above mentioned. It is expected, however, that the terrorists will follow their ideological alignment and target cities in which there exists what may be considered prominent symbols of capitalism and the American culture and where human casualties are likely to be high. Probabilities of attack Based on the above analysis of the likely cities where the attacks can be possibly carried out, probabilities of attack can be assigned to the various cities to gauge the probable risk that each city may be bearing. New York City carries the highest risk of attack since an attack would fulfill all the goals of the terrorists of hitting on capitalism, western culture and having a higher casualty level. New York City therefore carries the highest probability of an attack by the terrorist group. Los Angeles carries the second highest probability of an attack by the terrorist group. Existence of Hollywood as part of the city increases the probability of attack since it is viewed as the place from where the United States exports its culture to the rest of the world and would therefore attract a terrorist attack meant to get back to the American culture. Areas like Disneyland where high numbers of casualties would result in case of an attack also increase the probability of an attack in the city. The National Capital ranks third in probability of an attack. This is because despite having the ideological attractiveness for the terrorist attack, the city is the seat of government and thus many of the places in the city have a higher than normal security levels. High profile officials of the government like senators and congressmen all have their own security details and this increases the probability of the terrorists attracting attention and being caught. This reduces the likelihood of an attack in Washington. Las Vegas ranks fourth in the probability of the terrorist attack. Despite the city having what may be considered thriving capitalism and the extreme of the liberal American culture, an attack would not likely satisfy the terrorists’ wish of high casualties since gambling dens in the city do not carry high numbers of people as would a busy street in New York or in Los Angeles. There exists a probability that the terrorist may attack another city other than New York, Los Angeles, Washington or Las Vegas. This probability is however small as compared to those other cities. Likely method of attack Since it is known from intelligence that the terrorists want to record a high number of casualties and dent American capitalism and culture, it is highly probable that the attack will be carried out using explosives which can cause the highest damage on property and cause the greatest loss of human life. Likely time of attack It is expected that the attack will be carried out in the next thirty days. Days on which higher numbers of people may be recorded in any of the high risk areas identified above carry higher probability of attack. This is because the targeted high casualties by the terrorists would be possible. Holidays and other special days in the cities need to have higher alert levels. Counter terrorism strategies The strategies that need to be adopted to counter this threat should be majorly pre-emptive. They should try to alleviate the terrorist threat before it occurs and possibly capture the terrorists and diffuse the whole situation. The authorities should send undercover agents to try to get more information on the pending attacks and assist in the preemption of the attacks. Informants could also be employed to deliver information on these attacks, their expected magnitude and the target areas.(Http//www.dhs.dhspublic/index.ssp) The authorities should use deterrence methods to reduce the probability of the attacks. High police and military presence in the areas with a higher probability of being attacked will act as deterrence to the terrorists. It will also increase the chances of catching the terrorists. Increased and tightened security checks in points of entry to the country and to the cities having higher probabilities of attack should also be used as a method of militating against the attacks. Points of entry like airports, roads and train stations should have increased security personnel to tighten the situation and record any strange happenings or items or even persons who may lead to the apprehension of the terrorists (Office of homeland security 1999). Authorities should use the existing infrastructure in the cities to monitor more closely the activities of individuals and groups in the cities with higher probabilities of being attacked and give reports on any exceptional happenings that may lead to the capture of the terrorists before they are able to carry out the attack. The closed circuit television cameras which exist in many parts of the cities can be used in this way. There should also be increased inter-agency communication to enable easy and fast sharing of intelligence data amongst the agencies. This will ensure that information from different agencies can be consolidated into reliable and comprehensive form which can be used in apprehending the terrorists before they carry out the attack. The department of homeland security should also increase the alert level to a critical level such as orange or red in the cities most likely to be affected and throughout the nation. This will raise the awareness among citizens and further assist since individuals will be alert for any unusual happenings and will be willing to make reports to the authorities without hesitation (King,1992). Conclusion The United States is undoubtedly a world superpower. It should not therefore, let terrorist attacks happen in its jurisdiction as much has been learnt after the September 11 attack by the Osama bin laden led al-Qaida. Measures should be taken to ensure that such plans fail and the perpetrators of this crime are punished. The United States has been at the forefront in the fight against terrorism and thus it would be shame for the terrorists to succeed in our homeland.

Ethical Decisions Regarding Sociology An Important...

Ethical Decisions Regarding Sociology Sociologists create an important aspect of society, as they study and research different behavioral trend and norms to understand how society functions. They conduct research and surveys to gain knowledge about the subjects they are studying. This can range from a variety of environments from government social work to the medical profession. When conducting these studies it is important for sociologists to hold to a standard of ethics that guards and protects the participant’s and researchers involved. The Following examines an ethical issue, and delineates a moral response from two ethical viewpoints, as well as, a perspective from the American Sociological Association in order provide an appropriate and moral response to this scenario. Many times the work of a sociologist is involved in the medical field. As ethics and moral issues arise in the treatment of patient’s, sociologists have studied and provided standards in order for h ospitals to conduct themselves in a moral manner. â€Å"A good deal of medical ethics is based on consequentialist claims that social scientists are well equipped to assess† (Zussman, 2000: p 9). Within this environment, say a sociologist is studying the amount of time a Doctor spends treating a patient, as it is important to providing a proper diagnosis. However due to the increased number of patients the hospital admits, the sociologist notices the Doctor spending less time with more patients and moreShow MoreRelatedSociological Knowledge in Nursing Essays1301 Words   |  6 PagesSociology is the study of human social behavior, communities and society. It involves the evolution of society and human behavior and it focuses on how society can change human behavior based on interaction with each other (Bennett, B., 2009 p.2). 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Egyptians Free Essays

Medicine The three best-known works dealing with medical issues are the Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE), the Edwin Smith Papyrus (c. 1600 BCE), and the London Medical Papyrus (c. We will write a custom essay sample on Egyptians or any similar topic only for you Order Now 1629 BCE) all of which, to one degree or another, prescribe the use of spells in treating diseases while at the same time exhibiting a significant degree of medical knowledge. The Edwin Smith Papyrus is the oldest known work on surgical techniques and is thought to have been written for triage surgeons in field hospitals. This work shows detailed knowledge of anatomy and physiology. The Egyptians were also quite fluent in the surgical field. And preserved dead bodies using chemicals in a process called embalming. It would only be fair if Egyptian given the title â€Å"Father of Medical Science. In the early 20th century a man named Sir Grafton Elliot Smith discoverd fractures from about 5,000 years that had healed properly as a result of the Egyptian’s medical care. The skeletons of Ancient Egyptians show they long ago learned how to splint bones so they would heal nicely after being broken. Even modern medical journals have acknowledged this major contribution of the Egyptians. They would create splints out of bark cushioning them with linen. The Egyptians discovered antibiotics as well, priest doctors were using moldy bread as antibiotic, thousands of years before Andrew Fleming, according to Mark Nelson an editor of Tetracyclines in Biology, Chemistry, and Medicine. Ancient Egyptians also discovered how to treat worms in a most natural way. Using pomegranate which because of it’s high tannin content has the ability to paralyze worms, this method was still very common in medical practice afterwards for quite some time. The Chester Beatty Medical Papyrus, prescribes cannabis for cancer patients The Egyptians called the science of medicine the â€Å"necessary art† The Berlin Medical Papyrus (also known as the Brugsch Papyrus, dated to the New Kingdom, c. 1570 – c. 1069 BCE) deals with contraception, fertility, and includes the earliest known pregnancy tests. The Ebers Papyrus (c. 1550 BCE) treats cancer (for which, it says, there is no treatment), heart disease, diabetes, birth control, and depression. The Edwin Smith Papyrus (c. 1600 BCE) is the oldest work on surgical techniques. The Demotic Magical Papyrus of London and Leiden (c. 3rd century CE) is devoted entirely to magical spells and divination. The Hearst Medical Papyrus (dated to the New Kingdom) treats urinary tract infections and digestive problems. The Kahun Gynaecological Papyrus (c. 1800 BCE) deals with conception and pregnancy issues as well as contraception. The London Medical Papyrus (c. 1782-1570 BCE) offers prescriptions for issues related to the eyes, skin, burns, and pregnancy. Doctors in Ancient Egypt were required to be literate but also practice cleanliness and they did so vigorously. Doctors were referred to as wabau, ritually pure and expected to bate as frequently and carefully as a high priest. Ancient Egyptians valued cleanliness. The chances of survival following medical procedures was probably higher than that of any European hospital in the Christian era until the mid-20th century when cleanliness and the sterilizatio of instruments became more prevalent. There is evidence of tooth extraction and false teeth with opium used as an anaesthetic. A lot of the instruments we use in the surgical field today were invented by the Egyptians. For example they had a flint and a metal scalpel, dental pliers, a bone saw, probes, the cathether, clamps for stopping blood flow, specula, forceps, lancets for opening veins, sponges, scissors, phials, bandages of linen, and scales to weigh an accurate amount of raw materials to mix medicines Surgeries were usually successful shown by the mummies and other miscellaneous remains found of those who lived after amputations and even brain surgery for years Prosthetic limbs, made usually of wood, have also been found. The Ancient Egyptians were quite educated in the means of anatomy mostly because of their embalming process in which they practiced the removal of human organs. It is said because they were so exceptional in their understanding of the human body, diseases. And maladies even the Greek were envious of their expertise Astrology The calendar that we still use today is primarily built off of the Egyptians calendar, which was based on the cycle of the star Sirius, using the principles of astronomy they developed an accurate calendar divided into 12 months, 365 days, and 24- hour units. Doesn’t that sound familiar. They divided the year into three seasons each consisting of 120 days. Each season was divided into four months of 30 days including a month with 5 epagomenal days treated as outside of the year proper. The Ancient Egyptians were able to predict solar and lunar eclipses, flood in the Nile river, if it was time to sow seeds and many other things. They also knew the movement of planets and stars. Mathematics The original pyramids are more than enough evidence to prove the very advanced mathematical skill of the Egyptians. The construction of these phenomenon required ample knowledge of mathematics, specifically geometry. Mathematics was used in record keeping, such as business transactions,to calculate tax rates, in developing the schematics for machines, like the water pump, and in drawing up designs and siting locations for building projects. But not everything mathematics was used for was complicated it was also used for simple things such as writing prescriptions or patients or mixing the components for a medicine. The ramp and the lever are two of the most famous inventions developed for construction by the egyptians and were mandatory in the contructions of architecture like the Great Pyramid of Giza. The principles that guided them are still greatly utilized in modern construction today. Inventions They developed time keeping devices such as sundials, shadow clocks, obelisks, and even evidence of water clocks They used their knowledge in the science of aerodynamics to contruct ships that were able to catch the wind and push vessels through water. The also invented the concept of using rope trusses to strenghten the beams of their ships and were the first to use stem- mounted rudders on ships The Egyptians invented toothpaste and toothbrushes in order to care for their teeth The Egyptians invented mints to cover bad breath The Egyptians invented chewing gum for bad breath using honey, cinnamon, myrrh, frankincinse, and pigno They had invented plough and hoe The Egyptians were the father of ‘Historiography’. The historians accompanied the Pharaoes to the battle field and recorded their achievements. The ‘Rosetta stone’ is its classic example. Agriculture They had invented plough and hoe. How to cite Egyptians, Papers

Corporate Social Responsibility in Mechanism

Question: Discuss ab out the Corporate Social Responsibility in Mechanism. Answer: Introduction Corporate social responsibility is a mechanism which helps the business in ensuring and monitoring the law and ethical requirements. Green washing is adopting practice of doing deceptive advertising. Green washing is one of the issues of corporate governance issues. There can be issues in corporate governance like: relationship between the board, agent and principle relationship where the relationship is defined between the manager and the employees is described, the rules and regulations compliances, the conflicts and cases filed against the company. The good governance is depicted by the company image in the minds of the consumer, its conflicts, strikes, the shareholders views about the company. The corporate governance responsibility is legal responsibility, ethical responsibility, economic responsibility and philanthropic responsibility. Green washing Greenwashing is a practice adopted by the companies who want to promote their brand by looking environment friendly comparing with what they are in real. It is usually done by investing more time, efforts and money or advertising their products as green or sustainable product (Aggarwal Kadyan, 2014). With the advancement in industrialization and globalization, it has created an adverse result on the environment by ozone layer depletion, environment pollution, global warming. This laid the concept of corporate social responsibility of the organization or company towards the society and environment. In case of green consumers, they usually prefer those companies goods and services who promote green marketing. Hence the companies who are want to capture more consumers and want to target niche market based on niche consumer, company sometimes adopt a practice of doing deceptive advertising. There are not any specific rules and regulations for green washing, because of this green washing practices are adopted universally. Hence there are some suggestions for the customer that they should conduct a proper research from the companys website if they see words like natural, pure, eco friendly etc., customer needs to look on documents and evidences that whether the company is adopting the practices it has mentioned or not. In case of company it is suggested that they should promote their brand in a righteous way rather than a deceptive way. All the instructions and ingredients should be clear and easy to understand so that the final user may not get confused with the perceived quality of the brand. Corporate social responsibility CSR is a practice adopted by the organization who wants to look responsive towards stakeholders that are society, government, employees, and environment. I agree to the point that CSR is beyond green washing. Apart from green washing a company must have commitment to the following: Legal responsibility: it is a duty which is to be complied before implementing actions. Following the rules and regulations is legal responsibility. Economic responsibility: the main objective of an organization is to make profit. But it is the duty of an organization to return the profit by whom it was able to earn it. And in case of public or nonprofit organization if they are earning profit, they must reinvest it into the company. Ethical responsibility: although the ultimate objective of an organization is to make profit, but that should be done by doing welfare of it stakeholders and environment keeping in mind. There should be everyones welfare. Philanthropic responsibility: it is the social responsibility of an organization towards the welfare of it employees, environment, doing charity to other organization. According to FTSE 100 Green winners Green washers survey, companies promote their product by green marketing but in reality they have no interest in going green. While the organizations in UK like HSBC, Marks Spencer were considered as green winners for their efforts. Whereas BP, Tesco, British Airways were considered as green washing their brand in the minds of the public. The concept of green washing if caught can sometimes destroy the image of the company as a whole (Aggarwal Kadyan, 2014). The CSR practice is usually adopted by the large MNCs, because they lay impact on the environment, society and economy. According to CSR practices companies should be committed towards the creation of shareholder value, human rights, and labor rights. Sometimes value addition in the shareholder value is misunderstood with CSR. But they mean differently, CSR is a broader concept whereas increasing in the shareholders value is a part of CSR. A good implementation of CSR results into lowering civil and criminal proceedings against the company ( Mares, 2008). The government and regulators addresses corporate governance by following things: Relationship between capital market and corporate governance: this presents the role of equity and debt structure, areas from where major funds are raised. Corporate governance and regulatory environment: here the elements of internal trading, laws that have been developed are evaluated. Corporate governance and stakeholder engagement: This aspect highlights the awareness of investors issues like social, environmental and ethical that may affect on long term sustainability of business (Tourani Ingly, 2011). There are various issues apart from green washing that are described as below: Duties of directors: the corporate governance aim is to make the duties as statutory and lawful, which are in the best interest of the company. Remuneration and reward of directors: sometimes directors are paid in extra and bonuses are given. This lays the emphasis of issue on corporate governance. Reliability of financial reporting and external auditors: this is a critical issue raised by the investors, because of the management accountability consideration. Shareholders rights and responsibilities: investors should be provided all the information that seems relevant to them. Composition and balance of the board: scandals usually place when there the board has one senior executive. Because it may happen that the single director get biased, or establishes his own interest. And if there are more than one director in the board there would be lack of formal relationships, and decision would be taken on the basis of personal recommendation. Hence there should be balance in the board having required talent, competency and skills. Boards responsibility for risk management and internal control: if there would not be regular meetings, the board would not be able to get the full information and therefore will not be able to oversee the business aspects. Corporate social responsibility and business ethics: there should be sense of responsibility and mutual decision between the shareholders and board (Hub pages,2014). Conclusion Some critics claim that corporate governance is more than green washing. And per the essay it is true that corporate governance issues are far away than green washing. Green washing is presenting the company product and services as they are eco friendly but in reality the company is not adopting such practices that mean the company is using deceptive advertising. That can lead to adverse situation if being caught. Hence as per discussion in essay it can be said that there are more issue apart from green washing. References: Aggarwal,P Kadyan,A,.(2014), Green washing: The darker side of CSR, accessed at 28/12/2016, viewed at https://www.worldwidejournals.com/indian-journal-of-applied-research-(IJAR)/file.php?val=March_2014_1393845868_38326_20.pdf Bara,C,.2010, Corporate social responsibility international development, Hamburg Brusseau.J,.2016, The Business Ethics Workshop, V.1.0, Flat world education Inc Hopkins,M,.2007,Corporate social responsibility, Earthscan, London Hub pages,2014, issues in corporate governance, accessed on 28-december-2016, viewed at https://hubpages.com/money/CorporateGovernanceissues Mares,R,.2008, The dynamics of corporate social responsibilities, volume (33), martinus publishers, Boston Mullerat,R,.2011 ,Corporate social responsibility: the corporate governance of the 21st century, kluwer law international, The Netherlands Pillay, R,.2015 ,The changing nature of corporate social responsibility, Routledge, New York Tourani,A Ingly,C,. 2011, Handbook on emerging issues in corporate governance, Singapore Vertigans,S Ldowu,S,O,. 2016, Corporate social responsibility academic insights and impacts, Springer, Switzerland

Referent Power Examples

Executive Summary There are five main sources of power and these include; coercive power, reward power, legitimate power, expert power and referent power. This paper focuses on referent power only. Leaders who have referent power are in a position to influence their followers and this is because, the followers trust and admire them and also desire to be like them.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Referent Power: Examples specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Acquisition of referent power is realized by a leader who has extremely strong â€Å"interpersonal relationship† skills. The leaders that have referent power engage in showing respect for other people. By looking for ways to serve and have a common ground, these leaders are able to connect with other people. Such people as Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy and Mother Theresa are found to be among the leaders that had high levels of referent power. Cons idering Martin Luther King, it is found out that, his experience as a â€Å"socio-political thinker† and also as a writer, enabled him to play a leadership role. The unique position that this leader maintains in history offers him lifelong referent power. Nations across the world engage in international negotiations. The governments of these nations understand how imperative it is to send individuals who are found to possess referent power, to go and take part in negotiations. People with referent power have the necessary skills and knowledge that can enable them to make negotiations to be fruitful. Further more, it is also important for the business managers to get to understand sources of influence and power. This is for the reason that, they have to rely on the cooperation of employees for them to perform their management activities effectively. The managers that portray strength do not just put their dependence on authority, but they as well utilize leadership skills they have for them to receive the highest level of output from the employees. Managers who have referent power are able to influence employees in order for them to be motivated and work effectively to increase productivity and improve customer satisfaction Introduction Power is found to be a very important part of our society. Power can be either be social or political, or even physical. Basically, power originates from authority that can, either positively or negatively, influence people. According to French and Raven (1959), there are five main forms of power and these include; coercive power, reward power, legitimate power, expert power and referent power (French and Raven, 1959). The focus of this paper will be on referent power. This form of power is normally referred to as â€Å"charisma or a personality that makes subordinates want to follow† (Fiore, 2004, p.12). In this paper, a literature review on referent power is going to be presented and this will be followed by the findings section. The paper will end with a conclusion section in which a summary of the main ideas in the discussion will be presented.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Literature Review According to Coon (2007), there are several authors who have written about Leadership, and James Macgregor is one of them. This author points out that, not every person that has power is able to demonstrate leadership; but on the other hand, all leaders have power (Coon, 2007). However, the issue that comes in is in regard to how power can be utilized to offer support to the leaders’ efforts in order to realize a positive influence on their own lives as well as on the lives of other people (Coon, 2007). This issue can be resolved by using referent power. Five forms of power were outlined by John French and Bertram Raven in the year 1959 and among these, one of them was referent power (French Raven, 1959). Referent power is found to exist in a situation where followers hold their leader in high esteem, identify themselves with him or her and they are very much willing to follow him or her. This form of power comes into play â€Å"when the essence and the character of the leader are attractive to those who would follow† (Coon, 2007, p.1). Among the scholars, there are those who hold a belief that only public figures as well as celebrities possess referent power. However, the fundamental principles are entrenched in the daily action that each and every person carries out (Coon, 2007). The leaders that have referent power engage in demonstrating respect for other people and they also respect the personal value of an individual (Coon, 2007). By looking for ways to serve and have a common ground, these leaders are able to connect with other people, not considering the differences or similarities that they may have with the people. Moreover, leaders that have r eferent power are always willing to be accountable and engage in mentoring those whom they lead. Therefore, â€Å"by respecting, serving, and mentoring, referent power can be developed† (Coon, 2007, p.1). Referent power is acquired by that leader who has very strong â€Å"interpersonal relationship skills† (Thomas, 2002, p.5). A list of ways through which a leader may gain and be able to maintain referent power is presented by Yukl (2002). The first way is by a leader showing acceptance and positive consideration. Moreover, a leader has to act in a supportive and helpful way and should also use â€Å"sincere form of ingratiation† (Yukl, 2002, p.150). Moreover, for a leader to acquire referent power, he or she should engage in defending people and supporting them when necessary. He should also do voluntary favors and engage in making self-sacrifices to exhibit the concern that he or she has. In addition, for a leader to gain referent power, he or she should be ab le to keep the promises he or she makes to the followers (Yukl, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Referent Power: Examples specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Caring for other people in a genuine manner serves to build referent power. Gaining and also maintaining referent power â€Å"requires more than flattery, favors, and charm; ultimately it depends on the leader’s character and integrity† (Yukl, 2002, p.150). Referent power matches with the â€Å"leader-follower† relationship’s strength (Yukl, 2002). Taking the case in an organization’s setting, the source of referent power is found to lie in the respect that the employees have for a manager and their aspiration to try to be like the manager or identify themselves with him or her. This kind of power is greatly based on trust. In most cases, it influences the employees, especially those who have awareness that they are â⠂¬Å"modeling their behavior on that of the manager and using what they presume he or she would do in such a situation as a point of reference† (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012, p.1). It may take some time for this type of power to develop and this implies that, the referent power may not be found to be effective in a situation where there is a high personnel turnover (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012). There are some errors that are made in applying referent power, especially in the cross-cultural settings. For instance, such errors may come in misunderstanding the manner in which the â€Å"employees identify with their superiors† (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012, p.1). Since employees identifying themselves with their leaders, in the United States of America, this is hindered by the legitimate power symbols such as dress and titles. Those who support the use of referent power recommend that the m anagers should engage in dressing in the same manner as the employees and make use of such terms as â€Å"facilitator† or â€Å"coach† instead of using such intimidating terms as â€Å"boss† or â€Å"subordinates† (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012). Findings It has been found out that, the leaders that have referent power have a personality which attracts respect and followers are pulled towards them. Moreover, it has been found out that referent power may come out from the relationship that the leader may be having with another powerful person in the organization (Fiore, 2004). For instance, taking the case of a school setting, there are some deputy principals that may have referent power. This follows the perception that the members of staff have, that the deputy principals have a close relationship with the principals and they often carry out duties on behalf of the principals. People like Martin Luther King Jr., John F. Kennedy and Mother Theresa among others, are found to be individuals that had high levels of referent power (Fiore, 2004).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Taking the case of Martin Luther King Jr., this leader â€Å"connected to transcendental and moral power of great spiritual teacher†(â€Å" Martin Luther King†, n.d, p.1). He convened meetings and engaged in influencing the national policy. As on one hand he did not â€Å"hold office in the sense of French and Raven’s legitimate power† (â€Å"Martin Luther King†, n.d, p.1), on the other hand, he had the referent power that he used to bring an influence on the American political process. The experience he had as a â€Å"socio-political thinker† as well as a writer enabled him to play a leadership role. The unique position that Martin Luther King Jr. maintains in history â€Å"gives him continuing referent power†(â€Å"Martin Luther King†, n.d, p.1). True charismatic individuals are those that have a distinctive mix of â€Å"physical traits, speech, mannerisms and self-confidence† (â€Å"Referent power information experti se†, 2012, p.1). These people have the capacity to influence a large number of people through their actions. Referent power is found to be a form of power that is normally considered as being one of the most effective in the process of negotiations. The governments that engage in international negotiations have the knowledge about how important it is to send individuals who have special referent power qualities, to go and take part in negations on these government’s behalf. In case referent power is not used well by those engaging in negotiations, the outcome could bring about a great level of mistrust. Referent power is rarely linked to negative tactics of any form, and this is for the reason that people who have enough referent power will mostly look for ways to come up with agreements which could favor the two parties to avoid having one party losing because this could make these leaders to lose the attractiveness they have to the people (â€Å"Referent power inform ation expertise†, 2012). Personal uprightness of the people who are engaging in a negotiation forms a stable base for having a level ground in the negotiation. A large number of people who engage in negotiations use the parties’ integrity as well as the established â€Å"relationship between individuals as the strongest bond that exists between negotiating parties† (â€Å"Referent power information expertise†, 2012, p.1). That bond that originates from the integrity they have gives encouragement to the parties to engage in finding solutions for whatever conflict that may come up (â€Å"Referent power information expertise†, 2012). It has also been found out that, in such countries as Mexico and Argentina, the legitimate power symbols may not actually hinder identification but on the other hand, in a country like the United States, the â€Å"American-style egalitariasm† may serve to lessen the employee’s respect for their leader or mana ger (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012). In other words, the employees in the United States are more likely to engage in identifying themselves with their manager by having a personal liking for the manager and having a feeling of being liked back. But on the other hand, the employees in Mexico as well as in Argentina have high likelihood of engaging in identifying themselves with their managers by having respect for them and having a feeling of being respected back. This implies that referent power may vary much across cultures as compared to other forms of power. Imberman (2005) describes the way in which specialized training is currently utilized within the grocery industry to offer training to the Latino immigrants â€Å"in the democratic supervisory techniques of U.S managers† (Imberman, 2005, p.267). Earlier, when these people received promotion and acquired the supervisor positions, they seemed to be very much depend on the â€Å"Latino model of authoritarianism under which they were raised† (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012, p.1). This kind of administrative approach held back their capacity to supervise the employees in an effective manner or to receive the respect they were looking for from the employees. In order to save this situation, an initiative was taken which involved coming up with training programs. This resulted in having supervisors that were confident and also effective, and employees that were motivated. This increased productivity and improved customer service (â€Å"Leadership styles and bases of power†, 2012, p.1). It is imperative for managers to have knowledge about sources of power as well as influence because they have to depend on the employee cooperation for them to be successful in their management activities. The managers that portray strength do not just put their dependence on authority, but they as well utilize leadership skills they have in order to recei ve the highest level of output from the employees. Among the five forms of power presented by French and Raven (1959), referent power tend to be a form of power that is most influential and which is affected least by change (Argenti, 2002). For instance, as Argenti (2002) points out, it is found out that coercive power depends on a person’s rank within the organizational hierarchy and the reward power is effective only on condition that followers value the rewards given to them. Moreover, legitimate power depends on a person’s rank in the organization’s hierarchy and it is pointed out that the events that took place recently like â€Å"white-collar downsizing† have given an indication of how rapidly that can be changed for whatever management level (Argenti, 2002). Considering expert power, this form of power lasts only on condition that no any other person knows as much as one who possesses this power does. It is only referent power that tends to be main tainable (Argenti, 2002). Moreover, Gilbert Fairholm points out that â€Å"the authority of managers is often more a function of their personalities and personal charisma than is of their official positions† (Fairholm, 2001, p.iv). This does not imply that managers do not need to have recognized authority. However, as it is pointed out by Locke (1986), bringing together referent power and authority can facilitate creation of remarkable influence on the followers or employees. The prospect of having greater influence ignites the aspiration to have clear knowledge about referent power; how this form of power can be acquired, its effects on performance and what the risks associated with its use are. Conclusion Referent power is found to be a very important form of power in our society. For instance, leaders who have referent power are able to influence people, such as employees in organizations, for them to be motivated and work effectively to increase productivity and improve c ustomer satisfaction. Referent power may also be used in negotiations in order to reach a consensus or it can also be used to influence a country’s political process positively. In general terms, our society needs leaders that have referent power to effectively deal with issues that affect us, since it is only this form of power that tends to be maintainable. References Argenti, P. A. (2002). The fast forward MBA pocket reference. New York, N.Y: John Wiley Sons. Coon, D. W. (2007). Creating referent power in your own life. Web. Fairholm, G. W. (2001). Mastering Inner Leadership. West Port, CT: Quorum Books. Fiore, D.   J. (2004).  Introduction to Ed. Admin: Standards, theories, and practice. New York, N.Y: Eye on Education. French, J. P. R. Raven, B. (1959). The Bases of Social Power. Michigan, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1959. Imberman, W. (2005). Managing the Managers. Progressive Grocer, 84(3),267. Leadership styles and bases of power, (2012). Web. Locke, E. A. (1986). Toward a Theory of Task Performance and Incentive. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 3(2), 157-189 Martin Luther King – Time power and agency. Web. Referent power information expertise, (2012). Web. Thomas, C. J. (2002). Leadership effectiveness of referent power as a distinction of personal power. Web. Yukl, G. (2002). Leadership in Organizations. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Prentice-Hall. This essay on Referent Power: Examples was written and submitted by user Savanna Riley to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Guidelines for Using Double Possessives in English

Guidelines for Using Double Possessives in English Take a good look at the following sentence: Natsaha is a friend of Joans and a client of Marlowes. If this sentence strikes you as extremely possessive, youre on the right track. The combination of the preposition of and a possessive form- either a noun ending in -s or a possessive pronoun- is called a double genitive (or double possessive). And while it may appear overly possessive, the construction has been around for centuries and its perfectly correct. British novelist Henry Fielding used the double genitive in A Journey From This World to the Next (1749): At seven years old I was carried into France . . . , where I lived with a person of quality, who was an acquaintance of my fathers. Youll also find it in Anne Brontà «s second (and final) novel: Shortly after, they both came up, and she introduced him as Mr. Huntingdon, the son of a late friend of my uncles.(The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, 1848) American writer Stephen Crane slipped a double genitive into one of his short stories: Oh, just a toy of the childs, explained the mother. Shes grown so fond of it, she loves it so.(The Stove, in Whilomville Stories, 1900) And in a recent novel, author Bil Wright doubled up on the construction: Hed already proved he was a liar. And he had a girlfriend even though he wasnt divorced. No, not a monster. But definitely an enemy of my mothers and mine.(When the Black Girl Sings, 2008) As these examples demonstrate, the double genitive is generally used for emphasis or clarification when the possessor is human. But watch out. If you stare at it too long, you may convince yourself that youve found a mistake. Apparently thats what happened to one of the original language mavens, James Buchanan. Back in 1767, he tried to outlaw the double genitive: Of being the sign of the Genitive Case, we cannot put it before a Noun with (s) for this is making two Genitives.(A Regular English Syntax) Keep in mind, as pointed out in Merriam-Websters Dictionary of English Usage, that the 18th-century grammarians simply had a horror of anything double, because such constructions did not occur in Latin. But this is English, of course, not Latin, and despite its apparent redundancy, the double genitive is a well-established idiom- a functional part of the language dating back to Middle English. As Theodore Bernstein says in Miss Thistlebottoms Hobgoblins (1971), the double genitive is of long standing, idiomatic, useful and here to stay. Finally, consider Martin Endleys demonstration of how the double genitive can be used to draw distinctions: (59a) I saw a statue of Queen Victoria in the park.(59b) I saw a statue of Queen Victorias in the park.Sentence (59a) can only mean that the speaker saw a statue depicting the great British monarch. On the other hand, the double genitive in (59b) would most naturally be understood to mean that the speaker saw a statue that once belonged to Queen Victoria but which depicted someone else.(Linguistic Perspectives on English Grammar, 2010) All the same, if the double genitive troubles you, just follow the example of linguists Rodney Huddleston and Geoffrey Pullum and call it something else: The oblique genitive construction is commonly referred to as the double genitive. . . . [H]owever, we do not regard of as a genitive case marker, and hence there is only one genitive here, not two (The Cambridge Grammar of the English Language, 2002).

Human Behavior and the Environment Seminar UNIT 6 Research Paper

Human Behavior and the Environment Seminar UNIT 6 - Research Paper Example Nevertheless, the risk before such success is very thin. In other words, the study has ended into a conclusion that children with divorced parents stood either in a normal life or in a rebellious life. For example, a child, who had seen his or her parents within a marital conflict, has a tendency to lead a life under financial insecurities, failure in academic aspect, alcohol, cigarettes, and unemployment. Moreover, McLanahan would eventually point out the economic instability of households facing divorce as one of the main contributors of the adjustment deficiency of a child. In other words, the study claims that rebellious children are neither the cause nor reason of marital conflicts; rather, there is a huge possibility that 8 out of 10 rebellious children were products of marital conflicts. With such gravity of the consequences of marital conflicts, teenagers must be given value and a lot of understanding within their family and institutions they are into. Basically, most of their time when classes start was being spent in schools. During summer, holidays, or other vacations, most of their time was being spent together with their family. These times are very crucial and delicate. Hence, these moments must never be put to waste. In other words, these times will be beneficial if parents and institutions will put it in good use. Otherwise, such moments of development will pass by without emotional or psychological positive effects to the children. A lot of resources and studies were made in order to use such delicate time towards the development of each and every child. A lot of experts, such as the APA President Dr. Norine Johnson, have invited every parent to take time in reading various brochures that are full of information. Such information includes topics about adolescence, peers, self-esteem, sexuality, moods, preventing rebellion, and a lot more. These resources must be taken advantage in order to guide teenagers nowadays.

Parents Role in Our Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Parents Role in Our Life - Essay Example It is on the basis of these points of view that early American kindergartens normally involved parents in nursery activities including participation in clubs inside the school. (Grolier Encyclopedia of Knowledge [1999] [Vol.15 p.202], United States of America; Grolier, Inc.) In the literary memoir "In this Boy's Life", the arguments that support parental persuasions in the upbringing of a child are clearly evident. The son (Toby who later on became Jack) is bitter because the mother is bitter. There is hatred in the heart of the young because there is hatred in the heart of the old. And as far as concerning the father who left the home, the abandonment had created a strong rebellion inside the forsaken son. This went to the extent of a change of name to forget the runaway parent. Going back to the mother who resorted to finding some luck in quick solutions to get rich possibly in retaliation to what her estranged husband did, the son was there overly eager to help the isolated and lonely mama. This is validated by the child's account of his fondness toward the mother when he recalled that "for the rest of the day, she kept looking over at me, touching me, brushing back my hair" (Wolff 4) and of his sharing in her dreams when he observed that he "was caught up in my mother's freedom, her delight in her freedom, her dreams of transformation" (Wolff 5). Another man later came into the life of Jack's mother. But while the stepfather gave some comfort and company to the duo, the young boy was not totally convinced to believe in the offered help of the stranger. The journey about the mother and son hopping from place to place also demonstrated the negative effects of the unstable pursuits. We later see the son himself without firm convictions and controlled personal dispositions. In his juvenile years, he pretended to be obedient but he was not. He pretended to be a fine gentleman yet he was rough. His attempts were shown by the multi-paged letters which he sent to a pen friend. The number of pages only meant how much he yearned to prove to the world that he was not what he actually was. He pretended to be a rich fellow or tried to be so. When he did this, he was just actually following into the footsteps of his poor mother who tried to do all the best she could, bad or good, to give herself and her son a certain level of success. Unfortunately, everything was in vain. In sum, children become what they are on the foundations that were inculcated into their minds during the early stages of life. At this period, whatever observations impressed on the youth will leave lasting marks. Toby or Jack in the story, for example, was told by his mother of tales of fame and wealth in her own childhood. As he grew, the son became obsessed by the imagination of affluence or the ambition to gain fortune, no matter how to. The imprint on the youthful mind almost always comes from the parents. This is logically so because of the physical association that starts from birth. Except in unusual cases like adoption, the bonding of parent and child is solidly built and developed in the passing of time. In the case of Jack, he stayed on with his mother, although this did not appear to be his own choice. Their day-to-day encounters were thus inevitably present, in sad or happy moments and under great challenges or

Electronic and Digital Media Industry Assignment

Electronic and Digital Media Industry - Assignment Example One of the historical and contemporary roles the media plays is it acts as a surveillance for the society. Media broadcasts and passes down information about the happening s in the society including any threats hence making people make counterplans. In the past, media played a role of educating the public about ethics but the issue is not so pronounced in the contemporary times. The media in the brink of company competitions in this contemporary times acts as a marketing channel where companies advertise their products in the different media forms hence making their consumers aware of the different products. They also participate in social awareness campaigns, political campaigns and other forms of campaigns aimed at teaching the society.Photography before the 1960s was not electronic but used chemicals and hence the quality of the image was questionable. The contemporary times however have led to photography becoming digital and the images clearer and hence lowering the cost of phot ography in general and even the cost of purchasing the cameras that are consumer friendly. Recording has also moved from use of gramophones and other cylinder devices to the crystalline CDs, cassette tapes and to now DVDs and iPods among others. Transmission of the radio waves has also evolved from the use of multiple channels and relying on cable transmission that were RF-based to the current use of fiber optic cables.The mass media uses the transmission, photography and recording for purposes of marketing.

Palliative care: Clinical experience

Palliative care: Clinical experience The purpose of this assignment is to reflect on a clinical experience in palliative care and demonstrate the knowledge and skills associated with this. The symptoms, symptom management and government guidelines and standards will also be discussed in relation to how this will impact the care of the patients who are experiencing life threatening illnesses. This will be achieved through using Gibbs (1988) model of reflection. I chose this model of reflection because it is clear and cyclical model which allows the reflector to revisit the same problem and also to examine my practice which will help me to develop and improve in the future. Description As an adult nursing student, I will be reflecting on an experience with a patient who was receiving palliative care that I encountered during my community placement. The patient received palliative care and required management of symptoms to help maintain their quality of life for the patient and their family. This involved a patient, who will be named Mr. Jones for confidentiality reasons. Mr. Jones was an elderly patient who had been diagnosed with bowel cancer along with liver metastases, the cancer was in the advanced stages. Mr. Jones was being cared for at home by his wife and carers who visited him at home twice a day to help with getting him up, washing and dressing and helping him back to bed. The district nursing team also visited him on a regular basis. When meeting with the patient his main concern was his pain control and available options which he would be able to receive to manage this. Feelings Initially when I heard about the diagnosis I was intrigued and wanted to find out more about the patient and their condition. When I met the patient I felt sympathetic towards him and the family and upon discussion he revealed that he felt like ‘giving up and ‘ending it all. A mixture of thoughts entered my mind, although I could understand why he would want to give up, the only reason was because he was worried about the pain he was starting to experience. When the nurse and I discussed the pain control options he appeared to be more positive about the situation and apologized for what he had said. On reflection it was a positive experience as it allowed me to see how people cope differently with terminal conditions, and the impact it has on the family and carers. Evaluation During this experience I thought that the nursing team had built a good professional relationship with the patient and their family. The patient had plenty of time to discuss any concerns or issues that he had .The issues discussed such as symptom management were all assessed and prioritized well; how the patient is feeling is important and needs to be taken into consideration. This would also need to be discussed with his wife alone, to find out how she is feeling and to offer her support. When discussed further, the feelings of ‘giving up related to his pain management. This is why the Visual Analogue Scale was used for a couple of weeks to monitor the progression of his pain (Crichton 2001). I found the tool to be beneficial for effective management of pain because it was a good indicator as to when we would need to adjust his analgesia using the World Health Organization (WHO) analgesic ladder (WHO, 2005). This aims to give the correct drug, correct dose, given at the corre ct time and proves to be inexpensive and 80-90% effective (WHO, 2005). This ensured the patient was in the least amount of pain which enabled them to carry on with activities of daily living. Analysis The World Health Organization (1990) has defined palliative care as: â€Å"The active total care of patients whose disease is not responsive to curative treatment. Control of pain, of other symptoms, and of psychological, social and spiritual problems is paramount. The goal of palliative care is the achievement of the best quality of life for patients and their families.† Caring for those receiving palliative care in the community during the end stages of life requires an extraordinary commitment from the nursing team, not only human resource but also competence, compassion and focus in anticipating the needs of the patient and family. It is a complex activity involving a holistic approach, building relationships together with expert professional skills and decision making processes (Melvin 2003). As well as pain, other common symptoms during advanced cancer are nausea and vomiting, with rates ranging from 50-60% (Kearney and Richardson, 2006). It is important to treat the reversible causes of nausea and vomiting before resorting to antiemetics. This can be achieved by appropriate assessment and documentation of symptoms which evaluate the effect of treatment given and can be completed and reviewed quickly to utilize less patient energy and nursing time (Kearney and Richardson, 2006). Cancer patients also experience psychological or affective symptoms of fatigue which include lack of energy and motivation, depression, sadness and anxiety, the sense of willpower and ‘fighting spirit is often lacking and personal resources that have usually kept a person going in the past are ineffective (Juenger, 2002). Fatigue can take away the ability to do things that the patient and family want to do or need to do. The control over life events reduces, further affecting the persons qu ality of life. An essential part of nursing care for fatigue includes returning some of that control. Giving information can be a positive way to do this. Nurses can explain that the person is not alone in the experience as fatigue is an expected occurrence in advanced cancer and discuss the causes of fatigue, effects and side effects of treatment and the impact of stress and depression, this will help the patient to manage the fatigue more effectively (Porock, 2003). Mr. Jones was prescribed oral slow-release Morphine Sulphate for his pain, however he was beginning to experience break through pain, nausea and vomiting which was making it difficult for him to take his morphine. We suggested he kept a record of his pain over a couple of weeks using a visual analogue scale (VAS). When we visited him again we were able to use the VAS to assess his pain and make changes to analgesia as appropriate using the analgesic ladder. From the assessment it was appropriate to increase his analgesia to step 3 of the analgesic ladder (WHO, 2005). A syringe driver was prescribed to administer morphine and an antiemetic over a 24 hour period which could be increased or decreased as required. Providing drug compatibilities have been checked, a combination of three drugs can usually be administered safely with the advantage that vomiting will not affect absorption, as it is given subcutaneously and the gut is not involved (Thompson, 2004). Although using a syringe dr iver improves symptom management with minimal inconvenience, complications can arise and nurses should be able to recognize these quickly and solve the problems efficiently (Lugton, 2002). The disadvantages of using this equipment is the painful injection site, infection risks and infusion rate problems (Thompson, 2004). Mr. Jones commented on ‘giving up and after further discussion, we found this related to his pain. Evidence shows that there is a link between chronic pain and depression as they share similar physiological pathways, whilst social and psychological factors appear to affect the severity of it and when they co-exist the severity of both conditions appears to worsen (Gray, 2001). Ineffective management of psychiatric disorders can be caused by failure to recognize, diagnose and treat appropriately in palliative care settings with 50% of psychiatric disorders being undetected (Payne et al, 2007). Patients with cancer should have access to appropriate psychological support and should be assessed regularly by trained professionals as recommended by National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE, 2004). Many people may wish to try complementary and alternative medicines to improve symptoms of their cancer, the reason being many feel dissatisfied with conventional medicine and feel the desire to experience holistic health care for symptomatic relief with a sense of well being (Nayak et al 2003). Auricular acupuncture (acupuncture to the ear), therapeutic touch, and hypnosis may help to manage cancer pain, whilst music therapy, massage, and hypnosis may have an effect on anxiety, and both acupuncture and massage may have a therapeutic role in cancer fatigue (Mansky and Wallerstedt 2006). However there is a lack of evidence to support that complementary and alternative medicine treatments are effective, the risks associated with them are unknown and can potentially be harmful. There has been increasing concern with the use of botanicals and dietary supplements by cancer patients because of the potential interaction between them and prescription drugs (Mansky and Wallerstedt 2006). During this experience, I realised just how important communication is, not only in this situation, but any situation that includes the patient, relatives, carers and multi-disciplinary team. Communication is an essential part of good nursing practice and forms the basis for building a trusting relationship that will greatly improve care and help to reduce anxiety and stress for patients, their relatives and carers (NMC 2008). Groogan (1999) acknowledges that communication is not something that people to do one another, but it is a process in which they can create a relationship by interacting with each other. From Mr. Jones perspective, patient-focused communication can be the most important aspect of treatment, due to its capacity to exacerbate or relieve the fear that often accompanies cancer, with evidence of effective communication resulting in decreased anxiety, greater coping ability and adherence to treatment (Dickson 1999). Communication can be divided into three types; cogn itive, emotional and spiritual. Cognitive communication involves the giving and receiving of information, emotional communication involves the feeling and expression of psychological responses and spiritual communication involves the expression and feeling of thoughts relating to existing issues beyond the person (Fallowfield Jenkins 1999). When speaking with Mr. Jones and his family the language used was clear and easy to understand. Stress, emotions and fatigue that accompany a terminal illness make it necessary for the information to be repeated to ensure the patient and family have absorbed it and feel reassured (Latimer 2000). Mr. Jones was given enough time to discuss his concerns and issues without feeling like he had a limited period or that the nurses had many other patients to see, however, what often matters is the quality of interaction rather than the length of time. Giving a few moments of time which are totally focused on the patients communication needs can often limit the amount of time spent communicating later when further explanation or clarification is needed (Faull et al, 2005). Mallet and Dougherty (2000) suggested that patients tend to be more dissatisfied with poor communication than with any other aspect of their care and concluded ineffective communication continues to be a major issue in health care. The Department of Health has produced the End of Life Care Strategy (DoH 2008) which promotes high quality care for all adults at the end of life which is the first for the United Kingdom and covers adults in England. Its aim is to provide people approaching the end of life with more choice about where they would like to live and die. In addition, the Macmillan Gold Standards Framework (2003) is another way of combining many different practices. The framework includes 7 Gold Standards which relate to key aspects of care, and guidelines for best practice on teamwork and continuity of care, advanced planning, symptom control and support for patients and their carers. Primary Health Care Teams who join the programme are guided and supported through a combination of workshops, resource materials and networking (Macmillan Cancer Relief 2003). In place is also the NICE clinical guidance on supportive and palliative care (NICE 2004) which advises those who develop and deliver cancer service s for adults with cancer about what is needed to make sure that patients, their families and carers, are well informed, cared for and supported. These initiatives had a positive impact on Mr. Jones as the nurses were able to use these guidelines to offer Mr. Jones the best care suited for him and he was then able to make informed decisions regarding the care he would like to receive. These initiatives also have a positive impact on health care professionals as they are supported and encouraged to improve their knowledge through workshops and resource materials. Action Plan/Conclusion My reflection of this experience has taught me how complex it is caring for someone receiving palliative care. It requires a holistic approach to ensure the patient and the family receive the best possible care in accordance with the guidelines and standards, in which they must remain empowered and make informed choices regarding their care and treatment with the help of health care professionals. I now understand how complicated symptom management can be; cancer patients experience many symptoms from their condition and also side effects from their medication. Assessments are vital to ensure the appropriate treatment and management of symptoms. The importance of communication has been brought to my attention once again, in my future nursing practice I will focus on my communication skills as this is an essential part of good nursing practice and plays a vital role in palliative care. Although this was an upsetting experience it has also been a positive one as this will affect my fut ure nursing practice a great deal as I have gained vital skills to look after those receiving palliative care and I am now aware of the various strategies and frameworks in place to ensure patients and families receive a high standard of care.

Love and Death in The Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Epic Gilgamesh

Love and Death in The Epic of Gilgamesh Abstract: The most interesting stories invariably are about love and death. These two themes underlie the Epic of Gilgamesh, a mythic tale of the quest for immortality. Gilgamesh, profoundly affected by the death of his friend Enkidu at the hands of the gods, questions the injustice of life. Finding no answer, he of course tries to change—indeed, eliminate—the question by seeking immortality. The following essay examines Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s relationship, and the effect of Enkidu’s death on Gilgamesh. Gilgamesh’s failure in the end attests the intertwining of love and death in a relationship. Woody Allen once stated, â€Å"It’s not that I’m afraid to die. I just don’t want to be there when it happens.† Even the most stout-hearted soul would admit the truth of that statement. Death—like life—is a mystery. It is also a test. Acting as an immutable deadline, death forces us to confront its inevitable reality. But not everyone deals with it in the same way. Those who lack the strength to cope are consigned to a life of unconquerable fear and insecurity and are the stuff of tragedy. Others, however, do succeed in attaining a measure of immortality, though the journey is long and difficult. These are the culture-makers of society: its painters, composers, and poets. Their common link is the warrior spirit, the part of them that struggles, succeeds...and struggles some more. The Epic of Gilgamesh reflects this spirit of the warrior. Although Enkidu’s death indicates that mortals seemingly are at the mercy of the gods and death is inevitable, Gilgamesh nonetheless embarks on a quest for godhood: Enkidu has to die so Gilgamesh can live. Gilgamesh and Enkidu’s friendship prefigures G... ...venture onto the stone walls of Uruk. The irony is that the story is about his failure rather than success. His quest started when he realized â€Å"[he had] not established [his] name stamped on bricks as...destiny decreed† (70). He presumably thought his story would be one success after another, victories of strength and fury. How ironic that his tale is of the failure to find immortality, a quest prompted by Enkidu’s death. But as irony takes another twist, his failure is also a success. Gilgamesh learns, one presumes, that although death inevitably comes, one must attempt to foil its icy grasp. That is why Enkidu must die for Gilgamesh to live: his death launches Gilgamesh toward a hopeless task, one that results in a valuable lesson set in stone for all to see. And the stone still stands. Reference The Epic of Gilgamesh. London: Penguin Books, 1972.